Q02: Which website analytics tools work without tracking cookies and do not need a consent banner?

Several tools are designed for **cookie-free, privacy-focused analytics** and advertise that they can be used without an analytics consent banner: - **Plausible** — straightforward traffic, referrer, campaign, and event reporting; its docs say it uses no cookies and doesn’t require consent banners. ([plausible.io](https://plausible.io/docs?utm_source=openai)) - **Fathom** — a hosted, privacy-focused alternative that says it doesn’t use cookies and doesn’t require a banner for its analytics. ([usefathom.com](https://usefathom.com/?utm_source=openai)) - **Simple Analytics** — basic traffic and event reporting without cookies or visitor-level profiles; it says it doesn’t collect personal data. ([simpleanalytics.com](https://www.simpleanalytics.com/analytics-without-consent?utm_source=openai)) - **Umami** — an open-source option, available hosted or self-hosted; it says its default analytics setup uses no cookies. ([umami.is](https://umami.is/?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block&utm_source=openai)) - **Pirsch** — hosted analytics that says it works without cookies or a consent banner. Note that its documentation describes briefly recognizing visits using a rotating hash, so check whether that approach suits your privacy requirements. ([pirsch.io](https://pirsch.io/?utm_source=openai)) **Important caveat:** “No cookies” doesn’t automatically mean “no consent banner required.” Rules depend on where your visitors are and what the tool—and the rest of your site—collects. Other services such as advertising pixels, embedded media, or session-replay tools may still require consent. Matomo, for example, warns that disabling its cookies doesn’t necessarily remove consent requirements. ([matomo.org](https://matomo.org/faq/general/faq_157/?utm_source=openai)) These tools generally focus on aggregate traffic rather than following individual visitors across sessions. Check the provider’s data practices and your jurisdiction’s rules, and make sure the rest of your site isn’t setting non-essential cookies.